Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metformin degradation products in Aminobacter sp. MET resting cell assays. HPLC chromatograms showing (A) metformin and (B) guanylurea standards, (C) disappearance of metformin and appearance of guanylurea after 40 min aerobic incubation, (D) 0.5 mM dimethylamine standard derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) (derivative structure shown), and putative dimethylamine-FMOC derivatives in anaerobic incubations of metformin with cells after (E) 20 min or (F) 120 min. The y -axis represents the absorbance intensity at a wavelength of 220 nm; the x-axis shows the retention time of the individual compounds eluting from the HPLC column. Inset panels in D-F are UV spectra of the peaks shown (composite of spectra taken at five time points across the peaks) and the inset x -axes represent wavelength in nm.

Article Snippet: The DSMZ Type Strain Genome Server identified the isolate to be most related to different species of the genus Aminobacter and so we have designated this strain as Aminobacter sp. MET ( ).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enzymes relevant for the metabolism of biguanide, guanidine, nitrogen, and carbon in five different bacterial strains investigated in this study.

Article Snippet: The DSMZ Type Strain Genome Server identified the isolate to be most related to different species of the genus Aminobacter and so we have designated this strain as Aminobacter sp. MET ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Substrate transport by Aminobacter Gdx. (A) Representative SSM electrophysiology traces for Gdx- Aminobacter proteoliposomes (top) and protein-free liposomes (bottom) upon perfusion (indicated by arrow) with 2 mM Gdm+ (red) or guanylurea (purple). (B) Relative amplitude of Gdx- Aminobacter peak currents evoked by Gdm+ and guanylurea. Duplicate substrate perfusions were performed for each of three independent sensor preps (independent sensor preps represented by open circles, closed circles, and triangles). Currents were normalized against the first Gdm + trace collected on the same sensor. Error bars represent the mean and SEM of replicate measurements.

Article Snippet: The DSMZ Type Strain Genome Server identified the isolate to be most related to different species of the genus Aminobacter and so we have designated this strain as Aminobacter sp. MET ( ).

Techniques: Liposomes

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of plasmids from metformin-degrading isolates using blastn. Aminobacter sp. MET (pMET-1) and Pseudomonas mendocina MET (pMET-2) were compared with two plasmids from metformin-degraders (pKHPS-1 and pKHPS-2) and a guanylurea degrading bacterium (pGU). Blastn comparisons were visualized using BRIG and the % identity threshold indicated in the panels next to the plasmid’s images . Regions of sequence similarity are represented by outer rings colored on a sliding scale indicating a defined percentage identity (upper and lower identity thresholds of 90% and 50%, respectively). In panel (A) , the segments labeled regions A, B, and C represent plasmid DNA fragments containing genes shared by all metformin-degrading bacteria studied. Gdx denotes the guanylurea transporters found in Aminobacter sp. MET. The box with the brown segment in panel (B) represents a plasmid DNA fragment shared by guanylurea and metformin-degrading Pseudomonas .

Article Snippet: The DSMZ Type Strain Genome Server identified the isolate to be most related to different species of the genus Aminobacter and so we have designated this strain as Aminobacter sp. MET ( ).

Techniques: Comparison, Sequencing, Labeling, Plasmid Preparation, Bacteria

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Wastewater bacteria remediating the pharmaceutical metformin: Genomes, plasmids and products

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1086261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed biodegradation pathways for metformin by (A) Pseudomonas mendocina MET and (B) Aminobacter sp. MET. The known enzymes in the pathway are GuuH (guanylurea hydrolase), GC (guanidine carboxylase), CgdAB (carboxyguanidine deiminase) and AtzF (allophanate hydrolase).

Article Snippet: The DSMZ Type Strain Genome Server identified the isolate to be most related to different species of the genus Aminobacter and so we have designated this strain as Aminobacter sp. MET ( ).

Techniques: